@Article{conditschultz2015,
  Author = {Nathaniel Condit-Schultz and David Huron},
  Journal = {Music Perception},
  Month = {June},
  Number = {5},
  Pages = {470–483},
  Title = {Catching the Lyrics: Intelligibility in Twelve Song Genres},
  Volume = {32},
  Year = {2015},
  Abstract = {Although purely instrumental music is commonplace, much of the world’s most popular music is sung with lyrics. However, it is evident that listeners don’t always attend to lyrics and that those who do aren’t always successful in deciphering them. An empirical study is reported whose goal is to measure the intelligibility of lyrics in commercial recordings of music from a variety of genres. Thirty participants were exposed to 120 brief musical excerpts from twelve song genres: Avante-garde, Blues, Classical, Country, Folk, Jazz, Musical Theater, Pop/Rock, Rhythm and Blues, Rap, Reggae, and Religious. Participants were instructed to transcribe the lyrics after hearing each excerpt once. The transcribed lyrics were then compared to the actual lyrics and intelligibility scores calculated. The different genres were found to exhibit significantly different levels of lyric intelligibility, from as low as 48\% for Classical music, to as high as 96\% for Jazz, with an overall average of 72\%. Intelligibility scores were positively correlated with listener judgments of the general importance of lyrics. In a second experiment, participants were allowed to hear excerpts five times. Improvements to intelligibility were modest but significant after the second and third hearings, but not on further hearings.},
  Doi = {10.1525/mp.2015.32.5.470},
  Localfile = {PDFs/condit-schultz2015.pdf}
}